"هَذَا كُلُّهُ كَلَّمَ بِهِ يَسُوعُ ٱلْجُمُوعَ بِأَمْثَالٍ، وَبِدُونِ مَثَلٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُكَلِّمُهُمْ، لِكَيْ يَتِمَّ مَا قِيلَ بِٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلْقَائِلِ: «سَأَفْتَحُ بِأَمْثَالٍ فَمِي، وَأَنْطِقُ بِمَكْتُومَاتٍ مُنْذُ تَأْسِيسِ ٱلْعَالَمِ" (الإنجيل متى 13: 34-35)
تشير كلمة "المثل" إلى مقارنة بين شيئين. وهكذا قد يحتوي المثل على كلمة رئيسية واحدة تُستخدم لمراعاة مفهوم أو كائن آخر.
لماذا يستخدم الله الأمثال، قال عيسى المسيح:"مِنْ أَجْلِ هَذَا أُكَلِّمُهُمْ بِأَمْثَالٍ، لِأَنَّهُمْ مُبْصِرِينَ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ، وَسَامِعِينَ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ وَلَا يَفْهَمُونَ." (الإنجيل متى 13: 13).
سوف نشارك بعض الآيات حول الأمثال في الكتاب المقدس:
"أَفْتَحُ بِمَثَلٍ فَمِي. أُذِيعُ أَلْغَازًا مُنْذُ ٱلْقِدَمِ" (مزمور 78: 2)
"لِفَهْمِ ٱلْمَثَلِ وَٱللُّغْزِ، أَقْوَالِ ٱلْحُكَمَاءِ وَغَوَامِضِهِمْ." (التوراة الأمثال 1: 6)
"يَا ٱبْنَ آدَمَ، حَاجِ أُحْجِيَّةً وَمَثِّلْ مَثَلًا لِبَيْتِ إِسْرَائِيلَ" (حزقيال 17: 2)
"وَكَلَّمْتُ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءَ وَكَثَّرْتُ ٱلرُّؤَى، وَبِيَدِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ مَثَّلْتُ أَمْثَالًا" (هوشع 12: 10)
رقعة جديدة بثوب قديم
"لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يَجْعَلُ رُقْعَةً مِنْ قِطْعَةٍ جَدِيدَةٍ عَلَى ثَوْبٍ عَتِيقٍ، لِأَنَّ ٱلْمِلْءَ يَأْخُذُ مِنَ ٱلثَّوْبِ، فَيَصِيرُ ٱلْخَرْقُ أَرْدَأَ. وَلَا يَجْعَلُونَ خَمْرًا (عصير عنب) جَدِيدَةً فِي زِقَاقٍ عَتِيقَةٍ، لِئَلَّا تَنْشَقَّ ٱلزِّقَاقُ، فَٱلْخَمْرُ تَنْصَبُّ وَٱلزِّقَاقُ تَتْلَفُ. بَلْ يَجْعَلُونَ خَمْرًا جَدِيدَةً فِي زِقَاقٍ جَدِيدَةٍ فَتُحْفَظُ جَمِيعًا." (الإنجيل متى 9: 16-17)
Lamp on the Stand” open
“You are the light of the world. A town built on a hill cannot be hidden. Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.” (Matthew 5: 14-15)
الملح
"أَنْتُمْ مِلْحُ ٱلْأَرْضِ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ فَسَدَ ٱلْمِلْحُ فَبِمَاذَا يُمَلَّحُ؟ لَا يَصْلُحُ بَعْدُ لِشَيْءٍ، إِلَّا لِأَنْ يُطْرَحَ خَارِجًا وَيُدَاسَ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ." (الإنجيل متى 5: 13)
البناؤون الحكماء والبناؤون الجهلاء
“Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash.” (Matthew 7: 24-27)
“Sower and Four Types of Soil
“Then he told them many things in parables, saying: “A farmer went out to sow his seed. 4 As he was scattering the seed, some fell along the path, and the birds came and ate it up. Some fell on rocky places, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly, because the soil was shallow. But when the sun came up, the plants were scorched, and they withered because they had no root. Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the plants. Still other seed fell on good soil, where it produced a crop—a hundred, sixty or thirty times what was sown… Listen then to what the parable of the sower means: When anyone hears the message about the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in their heart. This is the seed sown along the path. The seed falling on rocky ground refers to someone who hears the word and at once receives it with joy. But since they have no root, they last only a short time. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, they quickly fall away. The seed falling among the thorns refers to someone who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, making it unfruitful. But the seed falling on good soil refers to someone who hears the word and understands it. This is the one who produces a crop, yielding a hundred, sixty or thirty times what was sown.” (Matthew 13: 3-8, 18-23)
مثل القمح والزوان
“Jesus told them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. But while everyone was sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and went away. When the wheat sprouted and formed heads, then the weeds also appeared. “The owner’s servants came to him and said, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where then did the weeds come from? An enemy did this, he replied. The servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and pull them up? No, he answered, ‘because while you are pulling the weeds, you may uproot the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat and bring it into my barn… Then he left the crowd and went into the house. His disciples came to him and said, Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field. He answered, “The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is the world, and the good seed stands for the people of the kingdom. The weeds are the people of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels. As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil. They will throw them into the blazing furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Whoever has ears, let them hear.” (Matthew 13: 24-30, 36-43).
مثل حبة الخردل
“He told them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed, which a man took and planted in his field. Though it is the smallest of all seeds, yet when it grows, it is the largest of garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds come and perch in its branches.” (Matthew 13: 31-32)
مثل الخميرة
“He told them still another parable: The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into about sixty pounds of flour until it worked all through the dough.” (Matthew 13: 33)
مثل الكنز المخفي
“The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and then in his joy went and sold all he had and bought that field.” (Matthew 13: 44)
مثل الآلئ الحسنة
“Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls. When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bought it.” (Matthew 13:45-46)
مثل الشبكة
“Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was let down into the lake and caught all kinds of fish. When it was full, the fishermen pulled it up on the shore. Then they sat down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad away. This is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous and throw them into the blazing furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” (Matthew 13: 47-50)
مثل رب البيت
“He said to them, Therefore every teacher of the law who has become a disciple in the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.” (Matthew 13: 52)
مَثَل الخروف الضال
“What do you think? If a man owns a hundred sheep, and one of them wanders away, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go to look for the one that wandered off? And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he is happier about that one sheep than about the ninety-nine that did not wander off. In the same way your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish.” (Matthew 18:12-14)
مَثَل العبد الذي لا يغفر
“Therefore, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. As he began the settlement, a man who owed him ten thousand bags of gold was brought to him. Since he was not able to pay, the master ordered that he and his wife and his children and all that he had be sold to repay the debt. “At this the servant fell on his knees before him. ‘Be patient with me,’ he begged, ‘and I will pay back everything.’ The servant’s master took pity on him, canceled the debt and let him go. “But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred silver coins. He grabbed him and began to choke him. ‘Pay back what you owe me!’ he demanded. “His fellow servant fell to his knees and begged him, ‘Be patient with me, and I will pay it back.’ “But he refused. Instead, he went off and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay the debt. When the other servants saw what had happened, they were outraged and went and told their master everything that had happened. “Then the master called the servant in. ‘You wicked servant,’ he said, ‘I canceled all that debt of yours because you begged me to. Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant just as I had on you?’ In anger his master handed him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should pay back all he owed.” (Matthew 18: 23-34)
مَثَل الفعلة في الكرم
“For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard. “About nine in the morning he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing. He told them, ‘You also go and work in my vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is right.’ So they went. “He went out again about noon and about three in the afternoon and did the same thing. About five in the afternoon he went out and found still others standing around. He asked them, ‘Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’ “‘Because no one has hired us,’ they answered. “He said to them, ‘You also go and work in my vineyard.’ “When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, beginning with the last ones hired and going on to the first.’ “The workers who were hired about five in the afternoon came and each received a denarius. So when those came who were hired first, they expected to receive more. But each one of them also received a denarius. When they received it, they began to grumble against the landowner. ‘These who were hired last worked only one hour,’ they said, ‘and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the work and the heat of the day.’ “But he answered one of them, ‘I am not being unfair to you, friend. Didn’t you agree to work for a denarius? Take your pay and go. I want to give the one who was hired last the same as I gave you. Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous?’ “So the last will be first, and the first will be last.” (Matthew 20: 1-16)
مَثَل الابنين
“What do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work today in the vineyard.’ “‘I will not,’ he answered, but later he changed his mind and went. “Then the father went to the other son and said the same thing. He answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but he did not go. “Which of the two did what his father wanted?” “The first,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you. For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.” (Matthew 21: 28-32)
مَثَل الكرامين
“Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. When the harvest time approached, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his fruit. “The tenants seized his servants; they beat one, killed another, and stoned a third. Then he sent other servants to them, more than the first time, and the tenants treated them the same way. Last of all, he sent his son to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said. “But when the tenants saw the son, they said to each other, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and take his inheritance.’ So they took him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. “Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?” “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end,” they replied, “and he will rent the vineyard to other tenants, who will give him his share of the crop at harvest time.” Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: “‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes’? “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.” (Matthew 21: 33-44)
مَثَل عُرس ابن الملك
“The kingdom of heaven is like a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. He sent his servants to those who had been invited to the banquet to tell them to come, but they refused to come. “Then he sent some more servants and said, ‘Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.’ “But they paid no attention and went off—one to his field, another to his business. 6 The rest seized his servants, mistreated them and killed them. The king was enraged. He sent his army and destroyed those murderers and burned their city. “Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding banquet is ready, but those I invited did not deserve to come. So go to the street corners and invite to the banquet anyone you find.’ So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, the bad as well as the good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. “But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. He asked, ‘How did you get in here without wedding clothes, friend?’ The man was speechless. “Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ “For many are invited, but few are chosen.” (Matthew 22: 2-14)
مثل شجرة التين
“Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its twigs get tender and its leaves come out, you know that summer is near. Even so, when you see all these things, you know that it is near, right at the door. Truly I tell you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.” (Matthew 24:32-35)
مَثَل العبد الأمين
“Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom the master has put in charge of the servants in his household to give them their food at the proper time? It will be good for that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns. Truly I tell you, he will put him in charge of all his possessions. But suppose that servant is wicked and says to himself, ‘My master is staying away a long time,’ and he then begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards. The master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he is not aware of. He will cut him to pieces and assign him a place with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” (Matthew 24: 45-51)
مَثَل العذارى العشر
“At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish and five were wise. The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take any oil with them. The wise ones, however, took oil in jars along with their lamps. The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they all became drowsy and fell asleep. “At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’ “Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.’ “‘No,’ they replied, ‘there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ “But while they were on their way to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut. “Later the others also came. ‘Lord, Lord,’ they said, ‘open the door for us!’ “But he replied, ‘Truly I tell you, I don’t know you.’ “Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.” (MAtthew 25:1-13)
مَثَل الوزنات
"وَكَأَنَّمَا إِنْسَانٌ مُسَافِرٌ دَعَا عَبِيدَهُ وَسَلَّمَهُمْ أَمْوَالَهُ، فَأَعْطَى وَاحِدًا خَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ، وَآخَرَ وَزْنَتَيْنِ، وَآخَرَ وَزْنَةً. كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاقَتِهِ. وَسَافَرَ لِلْوَقْتِ. فَمَضَى ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْخَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ وَتَاجَرَ بِهَا، فَرَبِحَ خَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ أُخَرَ. وَهَكَذَا ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْوَزْنَتَيْنِ، رَبِحَ أَيْضًا وَزْنَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ. وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْوَزْنَةَ فَمَضَى وَحَفَرَ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ وَأَخْفَى فِضَّةَ سَيِّدِهِ. وَبَعْدَ زَمَانٍ طَوِيلٍ أَتَى سَيِّدُ أُولَئِكَ ٱلْعَبِيدِ وَحَاسَبَهُمْ. فَجَاءَ ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْخَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ وَقَدَّمَ خَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ أُخَرَ قَائِلًا: يا سَيِّدُ، خَمْسَ وَزَنَاتٍ سَلَّمْتَنِي. هُوَذَا خَمْسُ وَزَنَاتٍ أُخَرُ رَبِحْتُهَا فَوْقَهَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ سَيِّدُهُ: نِعِمَّا أَيُّهَا ٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلصَّالِحُ وَٱلْأَمِينُ! كُنْتَ أَمِينًا فِي ٱلْقَلِيلِ فَأُقِيمُكَ عَلَى ٱلْكَثِيرِ. اُدْخُلْ إِلَى فَرَحِ سَيِّدِكَ. ثُمَّ جَاءَ ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْوَزْنَتَيْنِ وَقَالَ: يا سَيِّدُ، وَزْنَتَيْنِ سَلَّمْتَنِي. هُوَذَا وَزْنَتَانِ أُخْرَيَانِ رَبِحْتُهُمَا فَوْقَهُمَا. قَالَ لَهُ سَيِّدُهُ: نِعِمَّا أَيُّهَا ٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلصَّالِحُ ٱلْأَمِينُ! كُنْتَ أَمِينًا فِي ٱلْقَلِيلِ فَأُقِيمُكَ عَلَى ٱلْكَثِيرِ. اُدْخُلْ إِلَى فَرَحِ سَيِّدِكَ. ثُمَّ جَاءَ أَيْضًا ٱلَّذِي أَخَذَ ٱلْوَزْنَةَ ٱلْوَاحِدَةَ وَقَالَ: يا سَيِّدُ، عَرَفْتُ أَنَّكَ إِنْسَانٌ قَاسٍ، تَحْصُدُ حَيْثُ لَمْ تَزْرَعْ، وَتَجْمَعُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ تَبْذُرْ. فَخِفْتُ وَمَضَيْتُ وَأَخْفَيْتُ وَزْنَتَكَ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ. هُوَذَا ٱلَّذِي لَكَ. فَأَجَابَ سَيِّدُهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: أَيُّهَا ٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلشِّرِّيرُ وَٱلْكَسْلَانُ، عَرَفْتَ أَنِّي أَحْصُدُ حَيْثُ لَمْ أَزْرَعْ، وَأَجْمَعُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ أَبْذُرْ، فَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَضَعَ فِضَّتِي عِنْدَ ٱلصَّيَارِفَةِ، فَعِنْدَ مَجِيئِي كُنْتُ آخُذُ ٱلَّذِي لِي مَعَ رِبًا. فَخُذُوا مِنْهُ ٱلْوَزْنَةَ وَأَعْطُوهَا لِلَّذِي لَهُ ٱلْعَشْرُ وَزَنَاتٍ. لِأَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ لَهُ يُعْطَى فَيَزْدَادُ، وَمَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ فَٱلَّذِي عِنْدَهُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ. وَٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلْبَطَّالُ ٱطْرَحُوهُ إِلَى ٱلظُّلْمَةِ ٱلْخَارِجِيَّةِ، هُنَاكَ يَكُونُ ٱلْبُكَاءُ وَصَرِيرُ ٱلْأَسْنَانِ." (الإنجيل متى 25: 14-30)
When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his glorious throne. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. “Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.’ “Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’ “The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’ “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.’ “They also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?’ “He will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.’ “Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.” (Matthew 25: 31-46)
